Error:<E109> complete binding failed: port not bound:

[ehsanullah]

Hi everybody..

Well i am new with systemC and working for the first time on it...

I have tried to implement a basic D Flip Flop circuit. The aim is to connect two D-Flip Flop in series to form a Johnson counter. (But right now i am trying to test only 1 flip flop)

The code is as follows:

SC_MODULE(dff){

sc_in_clk clk;

sc_in<bool>d;

sc_out<bool> q;

void dff::pro_dff()

{q=d;}

SC_CTOR(dff){

SC_METHOD(pro_dff);

sensitive<<clk.pos();}

};

SC_MODULE(my_mod){

sc_in_clk clk;

sc_in<bool>a;

sc_out<bool>b;

dff *d1;

void do_pro()

{

while (true)

{

d1->d(a);

d1->q(;

wait();

}

}

SC_CTOR(my_mod){

d1 = new dff("My_dff");

d1->clk(clk);

SC_THREAD(do_pro);

sensitive<<clk.pos();

}

};

But when i run this program in sc_main it gives port binding error. what is wrong with the port binding?... and also please tell me that is the correct port binding method in systemC. I am using systemc v 2.1.

The error message is as follows..

Error:<E109> complete binding failed: port not bound: port 'TEST_UNIT.My_dff.port_2' <sc_out>

In file: ....\systemc-2.1.v1\src\sysc\communication\sc_port.cpp196

Please help me to resolve this problem..

thanks in Advance.

[apfitch]

Hi,

your code's confusing.

You seem to be mixing up port binding and assigning to channels. You don't need the module "my_mod" at all, as far as I can see.

Also I can't see how you're generating any stimulus.

Finally, you haven't shown sc_main.

But the error message is saying

SC_MODULE(my_mod){
sc_in_clk clk;
sc_in<bool>d;
[color=#ee82ee]sc_out<bool> q;[/color]

port q is not bound.

You might want to look at our website tutorial, http://www.doulos.com/knowhow/systemc/tutorial/, for a basic introduction.

Also I would recommend using SystemC 2.3.0 if you've got a choice,

regards

Alan

[ehsanullah]

Thanks Alan.I got your point.. That link helped a lot....

[gvanvari]

Hi , I am also getting the same error. Can Any one tell where I am going wrong and how to fix it.

This program is doing convolution.

convo.h

#pragma once
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#endif

#include "systemc.h"
SC_MODULE(convo)
{
    sc_in<sc_uint<4> > x[4],h[4];
    sc_out<sc_uint<4> > y[8];

    int i, j, k;
    void prc_convo()
    {

        for (i = 0;i<7;i++)
        {
            y = 0;
            for (j = 0;j <= i;j++)
            {
                y.write(y.read() + (x[j].read() * h[i - j].read()));
            }
        }

        for (i = 0;i<7 - 1;i++)
            cout<<"\n The Value of output y["<<i<<"] "<< y;
    }

    SC_CTOR(convo)
    {    
        SC_METHOD(prc_convo);
        for (k= 0;k < 4;k++)
        {
            sensitive << x[k] << h[k];
        }            
    }

};

 

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

convo_driver.h

SC_MODULE(driver)
{
    sc_out<sc_uint<4>> d_x[4],d_h[4];

    sc_uint<4> pattern =0;

    int i,j;

    void prc_driver()
    {
        for (j = 0;j < 4;j++)
        {
            d_x[j].write(pattern);
            d_h[j].write(pattern);
            pattern++;
            wait(10, SC_MS);
        }
    }

    SC_CTOR(driver)
    {
        SC_THREAD(prc_driver);
        for (i = 0;i < 4;i++)
        {
            sensitive << d_x << d_h;
        }
    }
};
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

convo_monitor.h

SC_MODULE(monitor)
{
    sc_in<sc_uint<4>> m_x[4], m_h[4], m_y[4];
    int i,j;

    void prc_monitor()
    {
        cout << "At time " << sc_time_stamp() << " :: \n";
        for (j = 0;j < 4;j++)
        {
            cout << "x[" << j << "] =" << m_x[j];
            cout << "h[" << j << "] =" << m_h[j];
            cout << "y[" << j << "] =" << m_y[j];
        }
    }

    SC_CTOR(monitor)
    {    
        SC_METHOD(prc_monitor);
        for (i = 0;i < 4;i++)
        {
            sensitive << m_x << m_h;
        }
    }
};
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

convo.cpp

int sc_main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    sc_signal<sc_uint<4>> t_x[4], t_h[4], t_y[4];
    int i;
    convo cv("Convolution");
    for (i = 0;i < 4;i++)
    {
        cv.x(t_x);
        cv.h(t_h);
        cv.y(t_y);
    }
    
    driver dv("Driver");
    for (i = 0;i < 4;i++)
    {
        dv.d_x(t_x);
        dv.d_h(t_h);
    }

    monitor mt("Monitor");
    for (i = 0;i < 4;i++)
    {
        mt.m_x(t_x);
        mt.m_h(t_h);
        mt.m_y(t_y);
    }

    sc_start(400, SC_MS);
    _getch();
    return (0);

}

 

 

[apfitch]

Please post the error message,

regards

Alan

[meera]

hi Alan,

  Thanks, now am able to get the output!! but the output appears only in the next cycle.. what can be done for that?

thanks

[meera]

hi gavanvari,

   

since iam very new to systemC .. i might not be able to point exact error, but it seems that u have not added any header in your .cpp file. 

 

regards meera

[makiso]

Hi Alan,
I am getting the error as "Error: (E109) complete binding failed: port not bound: port 'top.chol.port_16' (sc_out)"

 

I have attached my files below. Please help me resolve the error

chol.h

cholesky.cpp

main.cpp

tb_chol.cpp

tb_chol.h

[apfitch]

Hi,

the reason for the error is that you're not binding all your ports. You bind the ports in this loop:

 

       for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
        {
            for (int j=0;j<=i;j++)
            {
                    std::cout << i << " " << j << " " << std::endl;
                test_CHOL0->chol_in_data[i][j](chol_in_data[i][j]);
                test_CHOL0->chol_out_data[i][j](chol_out_data[i][j]);
            }
        }

but in the second loop you have j <= i. I've added printing and you can see that you only bind 6 of the 9 ports

 

        SystemC 2.3.1-Accellera --- Sep  3 2016 13:00:03
        Copyright (c) 1996-2014 by all Contributors,
        ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
0 0 
1 0 
1 1 
2 0 
2 1 
2 2 

I think you need j < n

 

regards

Alan

[Nithin]

Hi,

I am getting similar error. But I don't understand how to bind the ports for this. Can someone please help?

Here is the error:

        SystemC 2.3.3-Accellera --- Aug 13 2020 01:41:43
        Copyright (c) 1996-2018 by all Contributors,
        ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

Error: (E109) complete binding failed: port not bound: port 'top.port_2' (sc_inout_rv)
In file: ../../../src/sysc/communication/sc_port.cpp:235
 

Here is the SystemC code:

#include <systemc.h>

SC_MODULE(module_A) {
  sc_in_rv<1>  in;
  sc_out_rv<1> out;
  sc_inout_rv<4> inout;

  void body () {
    out.write(0);
    if (in.read() == 1) {
      out.write(1);
      inout.write(rand());
    } else {
      out.write('z');
      inout.write("zzzz");
    }
  }

  SC_CTOR(module_A) {
    SC_METHOD(body);
      sensitive << in;
  }
};

module_A *top = NULL;

int sc_main (int argc, char* argv[]) {
        top = new module_A("top");
        sc_start();
        return(0);
}
 

 

 

[maehne]

Each port of a module needs to be bound to some channel -- in your case of type sc_signal_rv<W> (see IEEE Std 1666-2011, clause 6.17). In you example, you would do this binding in sc_main(). However, you model lacks also stimuli generation.

You seem to be just starting with C++ and SystemC: I suggest to read first a good book on C++ and SystemC before trying to write your own models. E.g., check out isocpp.org/get-starte, Doulos, and "SystemC: From the Ground Up, Second Edition".

[anna]

hello everyone,

i have the same error , i dont know how i resolve it , i want do summation of 4 pixels in each line and display the sum , 

Error: (E109) complete binding failed: port not bound: port 'i_adder_10.port_2' (sc_in)

 

adder.h 

 

#include <iostream> 
#include <fstream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "systemc-ams.h"
#include "systemc.h"

SC_MODULE(adder) 
{
sc_in<double> in[4];
sc_out<double> out;

void somme (){

 double sum=0;
    while(true) {
for (int j=0; j<4 ; j++){
 sum +=in[j].read();
 
     out.write(sum);
 sum_finished.notify(SC_ZERO_TIME);
 cout<< "sum =  " << sum<< endl;
 
 }}}
 
 
SC_CTOR(adder){

 SC_THREAD(somme);
for ( int i=0; i<4;i++){
sensitive<<in[i];}

}
 };
 
main.cpp

 

 int sc_main(int argc, char *argv[])
 {

 sc_set_time_resolution(1, SC_FS); 

 int NB_elements_trans = 4;

int N =3;

sc_signal<double>sig_data[N][NB_elements_trans];  

sc_signal<double>sig_add;

  donnee <3,4> *i_donnee = new donnee <3,4>( "i_donnee" );
        
     for ( int i=0; i<N ; i++){

     for ( int j=0; j<NB_elements_trans ; j++){

                  i_donnee-> out[i][j] (sig_data[i][j]);
                  i_donnee -> initialize(sim_rate*fs) ;}}

 

adder *i_adder;

  for ( int i=0; i<N ; i++){

     for ( int j=0; j<NB_elements_trans ; j++){   

 i_adder = new adder("i_adder");
 
  i_adder->in[j](sig_data[i][j]);}
  i_adder->out(sig_add);  }

 

  

[AmeyaVS]

Hello @anna,

The code is hardly readable, to comment further.

Please use the button: <> to insert a code text block, with C++ syntax highlighting option, and use an IDE to format the code for you.

Regards,

Ameya Vikram Singh

[Eyck]

This part is wrong:

for ( int i=0; i<N ; i++){
    for ( int j=0; j<NB_elements_trans ; j++){   

        i_adder = new adder("i_adder");
        i_adder->in[j](sig_data[i][j]);
    }
    i_adder->out(sig_add);
}

You create N x NB_elements_trans i_adder elements and on each of them you only connect 1 of 4 in ports. I guess you mean:

for ( int i=0; i<N ; i++){
    i_adder = new adder("i_adder");
    for ( int j=0; j<NB_elements_trans ; j++){   
        i_adder->in[j](sig_data[i][j]);
    }
    i_adder->out(sig_add);
}

A few remarks:

• you create a memory leak by assigning objects created with new to the same variable
• you should not use raw pointer. Use C++11 unique_ptr instead
• Name you SystemC objects, this helps debugging. C++11 makes it easy witn in-class constructors, e.g.:

  sc_signal<double> sig_add{"sig_add"}; 

• don't use plain C-style arrays, uses either std::array or std::vector. These provide range checking capabilities and help finding out-of-bounds problems
• don't use C  or C++arrays for SystemC objects. Use sc_core::sc_vector instead
• use proper formatting, this eases reading (an IDe or clang-format is your friend). Keep in mind: code is a hundret times more often read than written!